GKJ9918汽油辛烷值增效抗爆剂(甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰--英文缩写MMT)

一、概 况：
　　为提高汽油辛烷值，改善汽车燃料的抗爆性能，通常采用加入适量的抗爆添加剂，如有机金属配合物一烷基铅等，四乙基铅是讫今为止使用最普遍、最多的汽油抗爆剂，它在石油工业和汽车工业中曾起到了巨大的作用，但随着科技的发展，环境保护的重视，四乙基铅的剧毒性，及其汽车尾气排放所造成的环境污染严重地威胁着人类的健康。在人口密集的大城市，污染更为严重，因此各国均纷纷制定各种政策、法规藉以保护人类生存的环境，实现汽油无铅化是当今各国环境保护的重要措施之一，制定新的汽油标准，规定汽油中不准含铅。我国在98年，国务院颁发了《1998》129号文件取消70#汽油的生产与使用，生产90#以上车用无铅汽油，规定到2000年实现汽油无铅化。因此生产高质量、高标号的车用无铅汽油是各炼油厂的紧迫任务之一。寻求一种新的无铅汽油抗爆剂已势在必行。
　　近年来，各国均在研究新型的有机金属配合物(不含铅)来替代四乙基铅。众所周知，提高汽油发动机效率最有效的办法是提高发动机的压缩比，但压缩比一提高，爆震燃烧明显示增强，需要用更高辛烷值的汽油来减小爆震，随着发动机压缩比不断提高，这迫使炼油厂生产高牌号(辛烷值)的汽油。辛烷值的提高不仅减轻发动机的爆震，而且减少油料的消耗，从而增加经济效益，每提高汽油辛烷值1个单位，可节油1.3％，提高汽油辛烷值的办法有三种：
　　1、不断改进加工工艺提高炼油技术，生产高辛烷值汽油，如采用催化裂化；调整操作条件(温度、剂油比、切割点等)；催化重整，烷基化、异构化等加工工艺方案。
　　2、在油品中调入高辛烷值燃料的组分，选择最佳调合方案，如调入异辛烷、异丙苯、烷基苯、甲基叔丁基醚、醇类燃料等。
　　3、添加能提高汽油抗爆性的抗爆剂。利用第一种方法，需上新装置，要花大量资金、人力、物资与时间；用第二种方法，因组分原料价格高而导致成本大大加大；第三种方法在汽油中添加抗爆剂是提高燃料抗爆性最有效、最经济的方法。特别是在生产高牌号辛烷值汽油时，单纯用改变加工工艺与调合高辛烷值都比较困难，一般都采用加入适量的抗爆剂来解决。世界各国炼油厂生产的汽油中(个别特殊除外)均普遍加入适量的抗爆剂。
　　随着四乙基铅的禁止使用，各国均开发与研制了许多金属和非金属的抗爆剂，在金属抗爆剂中，有铁剂和锰剂。铁抗爆剂因对发动机磨损严重，并会造成火花塞短路及电喷车的油泵使之损害，而未被应用。如美国、欧洲就不准在无铅汽油中使用含铁燃料添加剂。非金属抗爆剂如MTBE，尽管近年来国内普遍采用，因其不能使其充分燃烧会产生致癌物而将被限量使用。其余如芳香烃、胺类等，因其性能、毒性或价格因素均未能工业化应用。
　　锰基有机化合物是目前国际上代替四乙基铅，且比四乙基铅更为优良的新型抗爆剂之一。锰基化合物有五羰基锰[Mm(Co)5]，环戊二烯三羰基锰和甲环戊二烯三羰基锰。其中，前二种常温下均为固体，不便实际使用，且在使用中因其沉淀而会导致火花塞堵塞，需经常(1万公里内)加入清洁剂以清洁火花塞而导致成本增加及使用不便。甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰性能优于前二者，常温下为液体，适于应用。我厂与中科院在追踪国际上最新技术基础上，经过长期艰苦、细致的研制、开发、试验，成功地研制并生产出甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰这一品质优良的新型抗爆剂。

二、甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰具有下述优点：
　　1、能有效地改善汽油品质，提高汽油辛烷值，抗爆效率高而添加量小，按万分之一添加，锰含量不超进18毫克/L，可提高汽油2-3个辛烷值(按金属单位重量计的辛烷值高于四乙基铅的二倍以上)。
　　2、燃烧性好，能随燃料一同完全燃烧而不产生沉淀或残渣，节油效果明显；
　　3、无副作用，对燃料其它性质无不良影响；
　　4、易溶解，在室温下即能溶解于汽油而不溶于水；
　　5、性质稳定，在空气中不分解，沸点较高，不易蒸发损失；
　　6、无毒性，对环境不造成污染；
　　7、熔点低，不易结晶，便于实际使用。

三、贮存、运输与包装：
　　1、本品忌光，遇光易分解。在输送、储存、调合中必须避光，用棕色瓶采样，并进行必要的遮盖，避免阳光直接照射。
　　2、本品应密封贮存在阴凉、干燥、通风的库房内，严禁火源、日光的接近。
　　3、本品贮存期为12个月。
　　4、本品用镀锌桶及贮罐包装，铁桶每桶净重250kg，1吨-10吨，按用户需要而定。
　　本厂恪守信誉，质量第一，用户至上，价格合理，欢迎用户来人来电洽谈订货。

一、Overview:
　To enhance octane gasoline, improving automobile fuel antiknock properties, usually introduced in antiknock additive, such as organic metal complex an alkyl lead, and TEL Lead-based payment today is the most popular so far, the largest number of gasoline antiknock agent in the oil industry and the automobile industry have played a huge role, but with the development of technology, Central Habitat protection of the attention, tetraethyl lead the highly toxic, and automobile exhaust emissions caused by environmental pollution is serious threat to human health.In densely populated cities. More pollution, and therefore countries are already drawing up policies and regulations in order to protect human survival environment and achieve unleaded gasoline is currently States an important environmental protection One of the new gasoline standards, a requirement for unleaded gasoline closed. China in 1998, the State Council issued the "1998" document canceled 129 70 # gasoline production and The use, production above # 90 cars using unleaded petrol and set in 2000 out of lead in gasoline.
　Thus the production of high-quality, high-grade cars using unleaded petrol refinery is the one of the urgent tasks. Seeking a new unleaded gasoline antiknock agent was imperative. In recent years, both in research new metal organic complexes (unleaded) to replace tetraethyl lead.Thus the production of high-quality, high-grade cars using unleaded petrol refinery is the one of the urgent tasks. Seeking a new unleaded gasoline antiknock agent was imperative.
　In recent years, both in research new metal organic complexes (unleaded) to replace tetraethyl lead.Not only raise the octane reduce engine knock, but also to reduce fuel consumption, from
　The increase economic efficiency, an increase of a gasoline octane units, fuel economy by 1.3%, raising the gasoline octane number three options :
　1、The continuous improvement process to increase refining processing technology, the production of high-octane gasoline, such as the FCC; Adjusted operating conditions (temperature, dose-oil ratio, cutting points); Catalytic reforming, alkylation, such as heterogeneous processing technology program.
　2、 Oil in the redeployment of high-octane fuel components, blending the best choice programs, such as redeployment isooctane, cumene, alkyl benzene, methyl tert-butyl ether, alcohol burning Materials.
　3、Adding to gasoline antiknock the antiknock additive.
　Using the first method, the new devices need to spend a lot of funds, manpower, materials and time; The second method used by the high price of raw materials, components and lead to significant cost increases Large; The third method was added to gasoline antiknock agent is to improve fuel antiknock sexual most effective and economical way. Particularly in the production of high-octane gasoline brands, alone Change processing technology and high-octane blending more difficult are generally used by adding an appropriate amount of ANTIKNOCKS solution. World refinery production of gasoline (individual special Except) are generally introduced in antiknock additive.
　With tetraethyl lead to ban the use, development of both countries and the development of many of the metal and non-metallic ANTIKNOCKS in ANTIKNOCKS metal, iron and manganese agent. Rail antiknock Agent engine wear due to serious and may cause short-circuit and spark plug EFI car to the pump so that they compromised, and not applications. Like the United States, the European ban on unleaded petrol convinces Fuel additives used iron. Non-metallic ANTIKNOCKS as MTBE in recent years, despite widespread domestic use because it can not be fully burning carcinogens and will be limited so Used. Remaining as aromatics, such as amines, their properties, toxicity or price factors have failed to industrial application.
　Manganese-based organic compound is present international replace tetraethyl lead, but more than tetraethyl lead more good ANTIKNOCKS new one. Manganese compounds have five manganese tricarbonyl [Mm (Co) 5] Cyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl A Cyclopentadiene and manganese tricarbonyl. Of these, the first two kinds of room temperature are solid, practical use of inconvenience, but because the use would result in precipitation Spark plug to plug need regular (10,000 km) by adding cleaning agents to clean spark plugs, which led to increased costs and the use of inconvenience. Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl better performance than the former two, and often Liquid temperature, suitable for application. I plant with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in tracking latest international technology, based on long-term, arduous and painstaking research, development, testing, successfully developed And produce methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl the good quality of new antiknock additive.

二、Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl has the following advantages：
　1、To effectively improve the quality of gasoline, the gasoline octane, high efficiency and antiknock add a small amount by adding ten thousandth, manganese content is not super into 18 mg/L,
Gasoline octane 2-3 (metal unit weight than the octane level of tetraethyl lead twice).
　2、Combustion good will together with the fuel combustion without the formation of precipitation or residues efficient, obviously;
　3、No side-effect of other fuels without adversely affecting nature;
　4、Yi dissolved at room temperature which can be dissolved in petrol without soluble in water;
　5、Stable, the air is not biodegradable, high boiling point, the evaporation loss is not easy;
　6、Non-toxic, do not cause environmental pollution;
　7、The low melting point, is not easy to prove that facilitate the practical use.

三、The storage, transportation and packaging：
　1、 The goods-bogey, easy-case decomposition. In transportation, storage, blending must be dark with a brown bottle sampling, and the necessary cover to avoid exposure to direct sunlight.
　2、 The goods should be sealed storage in a cool, dry, ventilated coffers, no fire source, close to the sunlight.
　3、 The goods store for 12 months.
　4、 Galvanized the goods and tank barrels packaging, weighing 250kg 98 a barrel, a 10 tons tons, according to user needs.
　　Abide by the plant's reputation, quality first, users supremacy and reasonable price, users welcomed the Jetta negotiate orders.